扭转刚度是汽车的关键参数,用以衡量将车身框架扭转1度需要施加多少力。数值当然是越大越好。
以消费者的角度看,高扭转刚度车身的好处是什么?
在过弯时,它让你觉得“牢靠”,尤其是地面凹凸不平的时候。当车身受到悬挂传来的外力,它扭转的程度更小,因此车舱感受到的异响和晃动也会相对更小。
因为有这些好处,豪华车和运动车往往具备更高的扭转刚度。
不幸的是,许多制造商不会公布这些数据,即便他们的产品本身扭转刚度非常好。有些制造商会公布这些数据,但并不宣扬,或以此作为卖点。
数据来源都有据可查。比如欧美汽车工业传媒公布的信息(motortrend,car and driver等);或者工业协会文件(例如SMDI,SAE等);或者汽车制造商的个人采访。有些数据是根据多方信息推导而来,并不保证100%正确。
部分国产数据举例:
数据单位 Nm/deg 牛米/度
Acura
Acura MDX – 2014 model 12.4% more than 2013 model, 2007 model 20% better than 2006 model, 2003 model 35% more than 2002 model
Acura RDX – 2008 model (39% HSS) exceeds 2007 BMW X3; 2014 model 24% better
Acura RLX (2014) – 47% better than previous RL
Acura TL (1998) – 70% better than previous generation
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo 147 3-door 16,600
Alfa Romeo 156 19,200
Alfa Romeo 159 31,400
Aston Martin
Aston Martin DB9 Convertible 15,500
Aston Martin DB9 Coupe 27,000
Aston Martin Rapide 28,000
Aston Martin Vantage Roaster 21,000
Aston Martin Vantage Coupe 27,273
Aston Martin Vanquish 28,500
Audi
Audi A2 11,900
Audi A4 (B7, 2005 – 2008) 22,000
Audi A4 (B8, 2009 – ) 23,100
Audi A8 (D2, 1997 – 2003) 25,000
Audi A8 (D3, 2004 – 2010) 36,000
Audi A8 (D4, 2011 – ) 38,230
Audi R8 (2014 – ) 40,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk1 19,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk2 28,500
Audi TT Roadster Mk1 10,000
Bentley
Bentley Azure 18,000
Bentley Flying Spur (2013) 36,500
BMW
BMW E30 M3 (race car w/roll cage) 23,500 (data source the same as F80 M3)
BMW E36 M3 10,900
BMW E36 Z3 5,600
BMW E39 5-Series 24,000
BMW E46 Convertible 10,500
BMW E46 Coupe (w/folding seats) 12,500
BMW E46 Sedan (w/folding seats) 13,000
BMW E46 Sedan (w/o folding seats) 18,000
BMW E46 Wagon (w/folding seats) 14,000
BMW E46 M3 GTR (w/roll cage) 46,000 (data source the same as F80 M3)
BMW E60 5-Series 24,200 (16,250 from JLR source) (1st bending: 45.6 Hz; 1st torsioNAl: 44.7 Hz)
BMW E63 6-Series Coupe 28,000
BMW E64 6-Series Convertible 15,000
BMW E53 X5 23,100
BMW E70 X5 28,000
BMW E71 X6 29,000
BMW E83 X3 21,400 (w/o panoramic sunroof); 19,000 (w/ panoramic sunroof)
BMW E85 Z4 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 Coupe 32,000
BMW E85 Z4 M 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 M Coupe 32,000
BMW E52 Z8 10,500
BMW E90 3-Series 22,500
BMW E90 3-Series Convertible 15,750
BMW F07 5GT 31,500 (w/o sunroof); 27,500 (w/ sunroof)
BMW F10 5-Series 30,200 (bending 9,300)
BMW F12 6-Series Convertible 22,500
BMW F13 6-Series Coupe 43,000
BMW F15 X5 29,400
BMW F25 X3 30,000 (w/o sunroof); 26,000 (w/ sunroof)
BMW F30 3-Series 29,300
BMW F80 M3 40,000
BMW E65 7-Series (2002 – 2008) 31,200 (1st bending moment: 26 Hz, torsional moment: 29 Hz)
BMW F01 7-Series (2009 – ) 37,500
Bugatti
Bugatti EB110 19,000
Bugatti Veyron 60,000
Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport 22,000
Buick
Buick Enclave (2008 – ) 25,900
Cadillac
Cadillac ATS (2013 – ) 29,000 (1st bending mode: 30.7 Hz)
Cadillac CTS Sedan (2008 – 2013) 19,143
Cadillac CTS Sport Wagon (2012 – 2014) 18,416 (3.8% less than sedan)
Cadillac CTS (2014 – ) 26,800
Cadillac CT6 (2016 – ) 36,600 (1st bending mode: 31.5 Hz) Link 1 Link 2
Chevrolet
Chevrolet Camaro Convertible (2011 – 2015) 18 Hz (torsional, dynamic), 21 Hz (bending, dynamic)
Chevrolet Cobalt 19,300
Chevrolet Corvette C5 9,100
Chevrolet Corvette C7 (2014 – ) 14,500
Chevrolet Cruze 17,660
Chevrolet Malibu (8th-gen, 2013 – 2016) 23,000 (w/o moonroof)
Chevrolet Malibu (9th-gen, 2016 -) 23,600 (w moonroof)
Chrysler
Chrysler 300 (LX platform, 2005 – 2010) 17,897 (13,200 lb-ft/deg, 1st torsional moment: 40 Hz, 1st bending moment: 48 Hz)
Chrysler 300M (LH platform, 1999 – 2004) 16,948 (12,500 lb-ft/deg)
Chrysler Crossfire 20,140
Chrysler Durango (not the latest generation) 6,800
Chrysler Pacifica (2017 – ) 22,900 (1st torsional mode: 30.5 Hz; 1st bending mode: 37.6 Hz)
Chrysler Sebring Convertible (FJ/JX, 1996 – 2000) 4,400
Chrysler Town & Country (5th-gen, 2008 – 2016) 12,200 (1st torsional mode: 26.9 Hz; 1st bending mode: 32.2 Hz)
Daewoo
Daewoo Lanos (1999 – 2002) 10,500
Daewoo Nubira (1999 – 2002) 14,500
Dodge
Dodge Neon (1st gen, 1995 – 1999) 6,000
Dodge Neon (2nd gen, 2000 – 2005) 8,300
Dodge Viper Coupe (2008 – 2010) 7,600
Dodge Viper GTS-R 25,082
Dodge SRT Viper (2013 – ) 11,400
Ferrari
Ferrari 355 10,000 (bending 7,100)
Ferrari 360 Modena 23,000 (bending 10,100)
Ferrari 360 Spider 13,800
Ferrari 430 27,600
Ferrari 430 Convertible 10,200
Ferrari 458 33,120
Ferrari 458 Spider 23,184 (70% of the Coupe)
Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina 14,711
Ferrari F50 34,600
FIAT
FIAT Bravo 10,800
FIAT Tempra Sedan 6,700
FIAT Brava 9,100
FIAT Bravo 10,600
Fisker
Fisker Karma 35,000 (bending: 23,000)
Ford
Ford Fiesta 3-door (3rd gen, 1989 – 1997) 6,500
Ford Focus 3-door 19,600
Ford Focus 5-door 17,900
Ford Fusion (2010 – 2012) 17,453 (1,000 kNm/rad)
Ford Fusion (2013 – ) 19,286 (1,105 kNm/rad)
Ford GT 27,100
Ford GT40 MkI 17,000
Ford Maverick 4,400
Ford Mustang 2003 16,000
Ford Mustang 2005 21,000
Ford Mustang Convertible (2003) 4,800
Ford Mustang Convertible (2005) 9,500
Genesis
Genesis G80 (2017 -) 39,400 (bending 11,600)
Genesis G90 (2017 – ) 42,930
GMC
GMC Acadia (2007 – ) 25,900
Holden
VE Commodore: 50% higher than VZ
VF Commodore: 5-6% higher than VE
Honda
Honda Accord Coupe (2008) – 20% better than 2007 model
Honda Accord Sedan (2008 – 2012, 8th-Gen) 16,440 (actual test), 21,667 (CAE simulation)
Honda Accord Sedan (2013 – present, 9th-Gen) 23,345
Honda Civic Hatchback (6th-Gen, EK) 10,700
Honda Civic Sedan (NA market 9th-Gen, 2012 – 2015) 28,800 (N/mm – attention: N/mm is different than nm/deg)
Honda Civic Sedan (NA market 10th-Gen, 2016 – ) 35,975 (N/mm)
Honda Odyssey (5th-gen, 2018 – ) 44% from 4th-gen
Honda Ridgeline (2nd-gen, 2017 – ) 28% from 1st-gen
Honda S2000 (1st-Gen, AP1) 7,100
Hyundai
Hyundai Genesis Coupe (2010 – ) 22,500
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2009 – 2014) 33,966
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2015 -) 39,400 (bending 11,600)
Hyundai Sonata (2006 – 2010) 14,600
Hyundai i40/Sonata (US market) (2011 – ) 35,300
Infiniti
Infiniti G Sedan (2003 – 2006) 46.6 Hz (1st bending), 55.6 (1st torsional)
Infiniti G Sedan (2007 – 2013) 23,000
Infiniti M Sedan (2006 – 2010) 52 Hz (1st bending), 58.1 (1st torsional)
Jaguar
Jaguar F-Type Convertible (2014 – ) 18,000
Jaguar F-Type Coupe (2015 – ) 33,000
Jaguar X-Type Estate 16,319
Jaguar X-Type Sedan 22,000
Jaguar XF (X250, 2007 – 2015) ~17,300
Jaguar XF (X260, 2016 – ) 22,000 (28% higher than X250)
Jaguar XJ (X350, 2004 – 2009) 21,700
Jaguar XK (X100, 1996 – 2006) 16,000
Jaguar XKR-S Coupe (X150, 2011 – ) 28,400
Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2, 2010-) 23,000 (bending stiffness: 10,200 N/mm)
Koenigsegg
Koenigsegg 28,100
Koenigsegg Agera 58,000
Koenigsegg Agera R 65,000
Koenigsegg CC8 28,100
Lamborghini
Lamborghini Gallardo 23,000
LamborghiniMurcielago 20,000
Lamborghini Aventador 35,000
Lamborghini Countach 2,600
Lamborghini Gallardo Super Trofeo Stradale 35,000
Land Rover
Land Rover Freelander 2 28,000
Land Rover Range Rover (L322, 2003 – 2012) 32,000
Lexus
Lexus LFA 39,130
Lexus LS460 – 2013 model 60% more than 2012 model
Lincoln
Lincoln Continental (2017 – ) 30,712 (1,760 kNm/rad, base roof), 20,766 (1,190 kNm/rad, w/dual-panel moonroof)
Lotus
Lotus 33 3,253
Lotus Elan 7,900
Lotus Elan GRP body 8,900
Lotus Elise 10,000
Lotus Elise 111s 11,000
Lotus Elise S2 Exige (2004) 10,500
Lotus Esprit SE Turbo 5,850
Lotus Evora 26,600
Lotus SID Concept 16,000
Maserati
Maserati Coupe/4200 GT 23,000
Maserati Quattroporte (5th-gen, M139, 2005 – 2013) 31,360
Mazda
Mazda CX-5 (2013 – 2016) 27,000
Mazda CX-5 (2017 – ) 31,185 (15.5% increase, source from Mazda press release)
Mazda MX-5 (NA, 1990 – 1993) 4,881
Mazda MX-5 (NA, 1994 – 1998) 5,152
Mazda MX-5 (NB, 1999 – 2000) 5,219 ( 1.3% torsional; 7.6% bending; 35% dynamic torsional)
Mazda MX-5 (NB, 2001 – 2005) 6,367 (16-in wheels: 22% torsional; 16% bending); 5,532 (15-in wheels: 6% torsional; 13% bending);
Mazda MX-5 (NC, 2006 – 2008) 8,132 ( 47% torsional; 22% bending. See press release)
Mazda RX-7 (FB) 9150
Mazda RX-7 (FC) 10500
Mazda RX-7 (FD) 15000
Mazda RX-8 30,000
McLaren
McLaren F1 13,500
Lexus
MG ZT 24,000
MG MGF 7,100
MG MGTF 8,500
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2006) 17,000 (top down), 21,000 (top up)
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2012) 16,399
Mercedes R231 SL-class (2013) 19,400
Mercedes W212 E-class 29,920
Mercedes W221 S-class 27,500
Mercedes W222 S-class 40,500
MINI
MINI Cooper (2003) 24,500
MINI Cooper Convertible (1st gen) 9,000
Nissan
Nissan Maxima (8th-gen, A36, 2016 – ) 25% (7th-gen base), 6% (7th-gen sport) source
Nissan Micra 3-door (K11, 1992 – 2003) 4,000
Nissan Sunny (B14, 1993 – 1998) 8,200
Nissan Prairie (M11, 1988-1998) 7,500
Opel
Opel Astra G 3-door (1998 – 2004) 10,500
Opel Astra G 5-door (1998 – 2004) 11,700
Opel Astra G Sedan (1998 – 2004) 11,900
Opel Corsa B 3-door (1993 – 2000) 6,500
Opel Corsa C 3-door (2000 – 2012) 8,000
Opel Omega B2 (1999 – 2003) 13,000
Opel Vectra A 6,000
Opel Vectra B 12,000
Opel Vectra C 18.000
Pagani
Pagani Zonda C12 S 26,300
Pagani Zonda F 27,000
Pagani Zonda Roadster 18.000
Porsche
Porsche 911 Cabriolet 991 (2012) 11,699
Porsche 911 Carrera GT 26,000
Porsche 911 Carrera Type 997 33,000
Porsche 911 Coupe 991 (2012) 30,359
Porsche 911 Turbo (2000) 13,500
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 27,000
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 Convertible 11,600
Porsche 959 12,900
Porsche 987 Cayman 31,500
Porsche Carrera GT 26,000
Renault
Renault Sport Spider 10,000
Renault Twingo I (1993 – 2007) 14,200
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce Phantom 40,500
Rover
Rover 600 20,800 (1st torsional vibration: 60 Hz)
Saab
Saab 9-3 Convertible (2008 – 2012) 11,500
Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan (2008 – 2011) 22,000
Saab 9-3 SportCombi (2008 – 2011) 20,548
Saleen
Saleen S7 45,000
Saturn
Saturn Outlook (2007 – 2009) 25,900
Subaru
Subaru Impreza WRX (2nd-Gen, 2002 – 2007) 23,000
Subaru Impreza (4th-Gen, 2012 – ) 24,500
Tesla
Tesla Model S 19,000, 1st torsional moment: 42 Hz
Toyota
Toyota Celica (T230, 2000 – 2005) 13,600
Toyota Corolla 3-door hatchback (E110) 10,500
Toyota Mark X (2004 – 2009) 16,000
Toyota Starlet (80 Series) 7,600
Volvo
Volvo S60 (2001 – 2009) 20,000
Volvo S60 (2011 – ) 29,400 (47% increase of previous generation)
Volvo S80 18,600
Volvo XC90 (2003 – 2014) 21,400
Volvo XC90 (2016 – ) 27,392 (28% increase from first generation)
Volkswagen
VW Beetle (2012 – ) 26,000
VW Fox 17,941
VW Passat Estate (B6) 23,000
VW Passat Estate (B7, European market, 2010 – ) 25,000 Link
VW Passat Saloon (B7, European market, 2010 – ) 30,000
VW Phaeton 37,000
VW Golf IV 3-door 19,600
VW Golf IV 5-door 17,600
VW Golf V 18,400
VW Golf V GTI 25,000
VW Touareg (2008 – 2010) 36,900